The 7.4-magnitude quake, which killed more than 100 people and damaged hundreds of buildings, was the strongest recorded in Colombia in a decade.

© Federico Rios for The New York Times

The 30-minute simulated disruption was part of the island’s effort to test and build people’s resilience in the face of a potential Chinese attack.

© Lam Yik Fei for The New York Times

After deadly tremors a decade ago, Kumamoto built earthquake-resistant buildings and even trained locals in search and rescue.