The traditional ways of cultivating the peppers may not survive the challenges of climate change and soaring costs, so Pakistani farmers are trying to adapt.
The agreement treats an attack on any of the countries as an attack on all, but in a region of volatile rivalries, it was unclear how it would work in practice.
A photo released by the Turkish presidential office shows the country’s president, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, being welcomed by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, on Friday.